Paradoks Pembangunan Gender: Dampak pada Ketimpangan Akses Pendidikan, Kesehatan, dan Ekonomi di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55480/saluscultura.v5i2.487Keywords:
Indeks Pembangunan Gender, Indeks Ketimpangan Gender, Rasio Gini, Paritas Gender Pendidikan, Akses KesehatanAbstract
Di balik komitmen kebijakan kesetaraan gender di Indonesia, realitas di lapangan menunjukkan paradoks berupa kesenjangan yang persisten. Terdapat kelangkaan analisis kuantitatif mengenai konsekuensi dari ketidaksetaraan sistemik ini terhadap dimensi pembangunan lain di tingkat sub-nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Gender (IPG) dan Indeks Ketimpangan Gender (IKG) terhadap ketimpangan di sektor pendidikan (Gender Parity Index), kesehatan (Rasio Angka Harapan Hidup), dan ekonomi (Rasio Gini). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode regresi data panel (REM dan FEM) terhadap data 34 provinsi di Indonesia selama periode 2020-2024, yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Temuan empiris menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan IPG berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam meningkatkan paritas gender di pendidikan dan memperlebar rasio harapan hidup perempuan. Namun, ditemukan sebuah paradoks di mana peningkatan IPG justru secara signifikan meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan (Rasio Gini). Sementara itu, IKG tidak ditemukan berpengaruh signifikan pada ketiga variabel dependen. Kesimpulannya, pembangunan gender berfungsi sebagai faktor konversi positif untuk kapabilitas sosial, tetapi gagal terkonversi secara merata di sektor ekonomi, mengindikasikan kemajuan yang bersifat bertingkat (stratified) yang pada akhirnya memperlebar ketimpangan ekonomi.
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