Program Penyelenggaraan Makan Siang Sekolah: Studi Literatur tentang Dampak Kesehatan, Hambatan dan Tantangan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55480/saluscultura.v4i1.188Keywords:
Program Makan Siang Sekolah, Status Gizi, Prestasi Belajar, Studi LiteraturAbstract
Triple burden malnutrition saat ini menjadi permasalahan gizi pada anak usia sekolah di Indonesia. Program makan siang di sekolah berpotensi mencegah malnutrisi dan performa siswa. Tujuan dari studi ini yaitu mengkaji dampak kesehatan, hambatan dan tantangan program makan siang di berbagai negara. Pencarian literatur menggunakan database Google Scholar dan Pubmed. Dari 2470 artikel, didapatkan 16 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, serta 4 artikel yang didapatkan dari pencarian manual. Hasil review menunjukan bahwa program makan siang dapat memenuhi persentase pemenuhan angka kecukupan gizi siswa serta dapat menaikkan rata-rata IMT/U (Indeks Massa Tubuh menurut Umur). Selain itu, juga berpengaruh terhadap kinerja kognitif dan memiliki efek positif yang kuat pada prestasi belajar. Hambatan yang ditemui dalam implementasi program yaitu kepatuhan konsumsi masih rendah, menu makan belum sesuai pedoman diet nasional, serta tingginya food waste. Pembuat kebijakan sebaiknya melibatkan ahli gizi dalam proses penyusunan menu, perlunya edukasi siswa dan orang tua untuk meningkatkan partisipasi program, serta pelibatan guru dan staf sebagai role model. Selain itu, pentingnya menggunakan prinsip kesetaraan dari segi sosial dan ekonomi sehingga program dapat diterima oleh berbagai lapisan masyarakat.
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